FlightAware

Live Flight Tracking.

Join FlightAware (Free Registration) | Forgot Username/Password Cancel
US Flag 


 

Airport Tracker/Info


-or-


 

FlightAware > Live Flight Tracker > Flight Track Log > AAL2430 > 13-Feb-2012 > KLAX-KDFW

Flight Track Log - Related Links

Times and Time Zones

All times are in EST time to prevent confusion due to time zone crossing. See the AAL2430 flight status page for this flight to view local times or setup timezone preferences in your user account.

Time Position Orientation Groundspeed Altitude Reporting Facility
EST Latitude Longitude Course Direction KTS MPH feet Rate Location/Type
12:27PM 33.9333 -118.5665 90° East 0 0 0  Level FlightAware Approximate
12:31PM 33.9333 -118.4500 231° Southwest 179 206 1,900 780 Climbing Southern California TRACON
12:32PM 33.8953 -118.5061 222° Southwest 214 246 4,500 2,760 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:33PM 33.8442 -118.5622 168° South 238 274 7,800 2,940 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:34PM 33.7569 -118.5397 144° Southeast 244 281 10,400 2,700 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:35PM 33.6808 -118.4728 107° East 289 333 13,300 2,820 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:36PM 33.6500 -118.3494 92° East 335 386 16,100 2,700 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:37PM 33.6464 -118.1997 91° East 389 448 18,800 2,340 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:38PM 33.6442 -118.0750 90° East 400 460 20,800 2,100 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:39PM 33.6444 -117.9253 90° East 427 491 23,000 1,980 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:40PM 33.6444 -117.7706 90° East 441 507 24,800 1,800 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:41PM 33.6444 -117.6133 91° East 459 528 26,700 1,800 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:42PM 33.6422 -117.4361 90° East 471 542 28,500 1,560 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:43PM 33.6419 -117.2689 90° East 484 557 29,900 1,320 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:44PM 33.6414 -117.0992 90° East 496 571 31,200 1,500 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:45PM 33.6406 -116.9247 91° East 508 585 32,900 1,560 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:46PM 33.6372 -116.7500 91° East 513 590 34,400 1,020 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:47PM 33.6339 -116.5778 91° East 513 590 35,000 240 Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:48PM 33.6322 -116.4056 94° East 513 590 34,900  Descending Los Angeles Center
12:49PM 33.6222 -116.2336 98° East 513 590 35,000  Climbing Los Angeles Center
12:50PM 33.6014 -116.0639 99° East 513 590 35,000  Level Los Angeles Center
12:51PM 33.5783 -115.8919 98° East 518 596 35,000  Level Los Angeles Center
12:52PM 33.5589 -115.7200 100° East 523 602 35,000  Level Los Angeles Center
12:53PM 33.5375 -115.5681 99° East 523 602 35,000  Level Los Angeles Center
12:54PM 33.5136 -115.3961 99° East 523 602 35,000  Level Los Angeles Center
12:55PM 33.4917 -115.2269 99° East 523 602 35,000  Level Los Angeles Center
12:56PM 33.4694 -115.0556 100° East 523 602 35,000  Level Los Angeles Center
12:57PM 33.4450 -114.8864 100° East 523 602 35,000  Level Los Angeles Center
12:59PM 33.4019 -114.6008 98° East 518 596 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:00PM 33.3808 -114.4325 101° East 513 590 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:01PM 33.3547 -114.2686 99° East 502 578 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:02PM 33.3311 -114.1003 99° East 502 578 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:03PM 33.3092 -113.9319 99° East 507 583 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:04PM 33.2869 -113.7614 100° East 507 583 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:05PM 33.2625 -113.5933 101° East 507 583 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:06PM 33.2358 -113.4250 100° East 507 583 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:07PM 33.2108 -113.2569 100° East 507 583 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:08PM 33.1856 -113.0892 100° East 507 583 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:09PM 33.1600 -112.9236 100° East 507 583 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:10PM 33.1344 -112.7533 100° East 513 590 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:11PM 33.1106 -112.5858 100° East 508 585 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:12PM 33.0844 -112.4181 101° East 508 585 35,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:13PM 33.0581 -112.2506 100° East 508 585 35,000 60 Level Albuquerque Center
01:14PM 33.0300 -112.0658 101° East 508 585 35,200 660 Climbing Albuquerque Center
01:15PM 33.0064 -111.9183 101° East 508 585 36,400 900 Climbing Albuquerque Center
01:16PM 32.9758 -111.7336 102° East 508 585 37,000 300 Climbing Albuquerque Center
01:17PM 32.9481 -111.5739 100° East 508 585 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:18PM 32.9228 -111.4044 101° East 503 579 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:19PM 32.8947 -111.2400 101° East 508 585 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:20PM 32.8667 -111.0756 102° East 508 585 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:21PM 32.8381 -110.9114 101° East 508 585 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:22PM 32.8117 -110.7447 103° East 508 585 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:23PM 32.7842 -110.6056 102° East 503 579 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:24PM 32.7553 -110.4414 101° East 498 573 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:25PM 32.7281 -110.2825 102° East 498 573 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:26PM 32.6967 -110.1039 102° East 493 567 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:27PM 32.6669 -109.9403 102° East 493 567 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:28PM 32.6369 -109.7767 102° East 493 567 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:29PM 32.6069 -109.6083 103° East 500 575 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:30PM 32.5744 -109.4447 102° East 506 582 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:31PM 32.5439 -109.2767 102° East 511 588 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:32PM 32.5131 -109.1036 103° East 517 595 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:33PM 32.4819 -108.9383 103° East 517 595 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:34PM 32.4528 -108.7853 103° East 524 603 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:35PM 32.4211 -108.6175 102° East 524 603 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:36PM 32.3894 -108.4475 103° East 530 610 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:37PM 32.3575 -108.2825 103° East 525 604 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:38PM 32.3253 -108.1175 103° East 519 597 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:39PM 32.2928 -107.9503 103° East 519 597 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:40PM 32.2603 -107.7831 103° East 519 597 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:41PM 32.2272 -107.6186 103° East 519 597 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:42PM 32.1942 -107.4542 103° East 514 592 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:43PM 32.1608 -107.2875 97° East 514 592 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:44PM 32.1439 -107.1161 92° East 514 592 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:45PM 32.1372 -106.9250 89° East 522 601 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:46PM 32.1406 -106.7533 87° East 522 601 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:47PM 32.1478 -106.5792 88° East 522 601 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:48PM 32.1528 -106.4053 89° East 522 601 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:49PM 32.1556 -106.2311 87° East 527 606 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:50PM 32.1622 -106.0619 87° East 527 606 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:51PM 32.1686 -105.9050 87° East 532 612 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:52PM 32.1769 -105.7306 89° East 532 612 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:53PM 32.1806 -105.5567 88° East 532 612 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:54PM 32.1864 -105.3822 88° East 532 612 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:55PM 32.1917 -105.2106 88° East 532 612 37,000  Level Albuquerque Center
01:56PM 32.1967 -105.0389 87° East 532 612 37,000 -60 Level Albuquerque Center
01:57PM 32.2039 -104.8669 88° East 532 612 36,900 -600 Descending Albuquerque Center
01:58PM 32.2083 -104.6950 89° East 532 612 35,800 -1,500 Descending Albuquerque Center
01:59PM 32.2106 -104.5208 89° East 527 606 34,000 -1,260 Descending Albuquerque Center
02:02PM 32.2181 -104.0769 86° East 538 619 31,500 -900 Descending Fort Worth Center
02:03PM 32.2272 -103.9008 90° East 538 619 31,000 -300 Descending Fort Worth Center
02:04PM 32.2278 -103.7267 90° East 538 619 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:05PM 32.2283 -103.5475 88° East 538 619 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:06PM 32.2339 -103.3906 90° East 533 613 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:07PM 32.2339 -103.2089 89° East 544 626 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:08PM 32.2358 -103.0297 89° East 544 626 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:09PM 32.2394 -102.8508 89° East 549 632 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:10PM 32.2408 -102.6742 90° East 549 632 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:11PM 32.2400 -102.4947 89° East 544 626 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:12PM 32.2428 -102.3183 90° East 544 626 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:13PM 32.2433 -102.1414 90° East 539 620 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:14PM 32.2436 -101.9647 89° East 534 615 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:15PM 32.2458 -101.7856 90° East 534 615 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:16PM 32.2456 -101.6086 89° East 541 623 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:17PM 32.2472 -101.4294 90° East 541 623 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:18PM 32.2469 -101.2378 90° East 535 616 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:19PM 32.2458 -101.0586 90° East 540 621 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:20PM 32.2447 -100.8792 90° East 540 621 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:21PM 32.2433 -100.7022 91° East 540 621 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:22PM 32.2417 -100.5228 91° East 540 621 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:23PM 32.2397 -100.3436 90° East 535 616 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:24PM 32.2394 -100.1692 91° East 535 616 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:25PM 32.2369 -99.9872 91° East 540 621 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:26PM 32.2342 -99.8106 92° East 540 621 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:27PM 32.2292 -99.6358 93° East 535 616 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:28PM 32.2217 -99.4589 90° East 535 616 31,000  Level Fort Worth Center
02:29PM 32.2222 -99.2822 82° East 535 616 31,000 -180 Level Fort Worth Center
02:30PM 32.2436 -99.1033 81° East 535 616 30,700 -960 Descending Fort Worth Center
02:31PM 32.2667 -98.9367 81° East 530 610 29,100 -2,040 Descending Fort Worth Center
02:32PM 32.2894 -98.7725 79° East 518 596 26,700 -2,400 Descending Fort Worth Center
02:33PM 32.3139 -98.6253 81° East 507 583 24,400 -2,340 Descending Fort Worth Center
02:34PM 32.3342 -98.4658 81° East 501 577 22,100 -2,340 Descending Fort Worth Center
02:35PM 32.3564 -98.3061 80° East 496 571 19,800 -2,400 Descending Fort Worth Center
02:36PM 32.3803 -98.1392 80° East 477 549 17,400 -2,220 Descending Fort Worth Center
02:37PM 32.4039 -97.9867 81° East 450 518 15,200 -2,100 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:37PM 32.4111 -97.9314 80° East 443 510 14,400 -1,980 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:37PM 32.4175 -97.8892 82° East 434 499 13,900 -1,680 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:38PM 32.4225 -97.8467 80° East 427 491 13,300 -2,100 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:38PM 32.4300 -97.7953 80° East 417 480 12,500 -2,160 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:38PM 32.4358 -97.7542 82° East 412 474 11,900 -1,440 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:39PM 32.4408 -97.7144 81° East 404 465 11,600 -900 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:39PM 32.4475 -97.6658 80° East 392 451 11,300 -900 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:39PM 32.4531 -97.6289 58° Northeast 380 437 11,000 -480 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:40PM 32.4692 -97.5986 56° Northeast 361 415 11,000 -180 Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:40PM 32.4889 -97.5633 60° Northeast 339 390 10,900  Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:40PM 32.5031 -97.5342 61° Northeast 330 380 11,000 120 Climbing FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:41PM 32.5200 -97.4972 64° Northeast 329 379 11,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:41PM 32.5292 -97.4750 63° Northeast 330 380 11,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:41PM 32.5453 -97.4375 56° Northeast 330 380 11,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:42PM 32.5608 -97.4100 51° Northeast 329 379 11,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:42PM 32.5828 -97.3781 46° Northeast 327 376 11,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:42PM 32.6022 -97.3542 48° Northeast 324 373 11,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:43PM 32.6211 -97.3294 47° Northeast 327 376 11,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:43PM 32.6447 -97.2994 47° Northeast 325 374 11,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:43PM 32.6636 -97.2756 46° Northeast 324 373 11,000 -180 Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:44PM 32.6828 -97.2517 47° Northeast 323 372 10,900  Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:44PM 32.7050 -97.2236 223° Southwest 309 356 11,000 300 Climbing FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:44PM 32.7025 -97.2264 46° Northeast 311 358 11,000 -300 Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:44PM 32.7194 -97.2053 46° Northeast 294 338 10,900 -300 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:44PM 32.7219 -97.2022 42° Northeast 293 337 10,900 300 Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:45PM 32.7414 -97.1814 208° Southwest 278 320 11,000 300 Climbing FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:45PM 32.7392 -97.1828 21° North 279 321 11,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:45PM 32.7622 -97.1722 180° South 269 310 11,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:45PM 32.7597 -97.1722 North 270 311 11,000 -300 Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:45PM 32.7869 -97.1703 194° South 258 297 10,900 -300 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:45PM 32.7842 -97.1711 360° North 260 299 10,900 -1,500 Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:46PM 32.8119 -97.1708 161° South 258 297 10,400 -1,200 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:46PM 32.8092 -97.1697 360° North 256 295 10,500 -1,200 Climbing FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:46PM 32.8364 -97.1697 206° Southwest 254 292 10,000 -1,200 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:46PM 32.8344 -97.1708 North 259 298 10,100 -1,200 Climbing FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:46PM 32.8583 -97.1694 206° Southwest 254 292 9,600 -1,200 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:46PM 32.8564 -97.1706 North 258 297 9,700 -1,620 Climbing FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:47PM 32.8800 -97.1694 357° North 254 292 9,100 -2,220 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:47PM 32.8839 -97.1697 North 255 293 9,000 -2,100 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:47PM 32.9019 -97.1692 North 257 296 8,400 -2,100 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:47PM 32.9053 -97.1689 North 254 292 8,300 -2,040 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:47PM 32.9294 -97.1683 180° South 257 296 7,700 -1,740 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:47PM 32.9272 -97.1683 North 254 292 7,700 -1,680 Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:48PM 32.9508 -97.1675 North 253 291 7,100 -1,920 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:48PM 32.9539 -97.1672 North 250 288 7,000 -1,800 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:48PM 32.9753 -97.1664 360° North 248 285 6,500 -1,800 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:48PM 32.9775 -97.1664 North 249 287 6,400 -1,500 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:48PM 32.9989 -97.1656 185° South 247 284 6,000 -1,200 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:48PM 32.9961 -97.1658 North 244 281 6,000 -1,200 Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:49PM 33.0189 -97.1650 355° North 239 275 5,600 -1,500 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:49PM 33.0214 -97.1653 North 237 273 5,500 -1,800 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:49PM 33.0433 -97.1642 190° South 231 266 5,000 -1,200 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:49PM 33.0408 -97.1647 North 231 266 5,100 -1,200 Climbing FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:49PM 33.0600 -97.1644 10° North 225 259 4,600 -1,800 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:49PM 33.0628 -97.1639 North 225 259 4,500 -1,500 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:50PM 33.0817 -97.1619 347° North 223 257 4,100 -1,500 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:50PM 33.0836 -97.1625 11° North 222 255 4,000 -1,500 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:50PM 33.1031 -97.1581 20° North 224 258 3,600 -1,500 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:50PM 33.1056 -97.1569 North 224 258 3,500 -1,500 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:50PM 33.1244 -97.1533 200° South 225 259 3,100 -1,200 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:50PM 33.1219 -97.1544 10° North 224 258 3,100 -360 Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:51PM 33.1453 -97.1497 167° South 224 258 3,000 -360 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:51PM 33.1433 -97.1492 28° Northeast 225 259 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:51PM 33.1597 -97.1386 48° Northeast 224 258 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:51PM 33.1606 -97.1375 72° East 225 259 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:51PM 33.1669 -97.1136 265° West 222 255 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:51PM 33.1667 -97.1172 79° East 225 259 3,000 -300 Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:52PM 33.1708 -97.0908 239° Southwest 213 245 2,900 -300 Descending FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:52PM 33.1703 -97.0919 86° East 215 247 2,900 300 Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:52PM 33.1714 -97.0703 291° West 208 239 3,000 300 Climbing FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:52PM 33.1717 -97.0711 131° Southeast 212 244 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:52PM 33.1594 -97.0544 332° Northwest 204 235 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:52PM 33.1617 -97.0558 178° South 205 236 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:53PM 33.1478 -97.0553 155° Southeast 181 208 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:53PM 33.1458 -97.0542 183° South 174 200 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:53PM 33.1325 -97.0550 203° Southwest 156 180 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:53PM 33.1314 -97.0556 179° South 155 178 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:53PM 33.1178 -97.0553 29° Northeast 155 178 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:53PM 33.1194 -97.0542 183° South 152 175 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:54PM 33.1017 -97.0553 15° North 153 176 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:54PM 33.1025 -97.0550 178° South 155 178 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:54PM 33.0897 -97.0544 196° South 153 176 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:54PM 33.0881 -97.0550 182° South 155 178 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:54PM 33.0750 -97.0556 164° South 155 178 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:54PM 33.0725 -97.0547 181° South 157 181 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:55PM 33.0617 -97.0550 174° South 156 180 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)
02:55PM 33.0594 -97.0547 174° South 155 178 3,000  Level FAA TRACON SMA TRACON (SMA)